Alcohol, tobacco and soft drinks will be subject to an increased excise tax aiming to improve community health and tackle the national budget deficit as part of a comprehensive tax reform strategy for 2030.

The Ministry of Finance (MoF) has requested ministries, localities, and businesses for comments on a proposal to amend the current excise tax law primarily targeting the consumption, import, and production of alcohol and tobacco. The size of the proposed increase has not yet been mentioned.

In Vietnam, alcoholic beverages are currently subject to an excise tax rate of 65 per cent, increased from 50 in 2018, while the excise tax on tobacco stands at 75 per cent since 2019. According to the MoF, the consumption of alcohol in Vietnam is still high and increasing, so the excise tax increases between 2016-2018 were not strong enough to affect consumption.

Alcohol ranks 5th in the 15 leading health risk factors in Vietnam and is a major contributor to the rate of traffic accidents, injuries, domestic violence, and mental health issues. Alcohol is a direct factor in the increasing the rate of traffic accidents in men aged 15 - 49.

Over the past 15 years, duty on the alcohol industry has been adjusted five times. The tax increased from 50 per cent in 2015 to 55 per cent in 2016, and then rose to 65 per cent in 2018. The taxable price also changed from the import price to the wholesale price.

Nguyen Hoa Cuong, deputy director general of the Central Institute of Economic Management, speaking at a conference on tax and advertising regulation for alcohol last year, said, “There are still many issues that need to be discussed. For example, the method of taxation, the policies in other countries, the appropriateness of this approach, and the disproportionate impacts on different target groups”.

As in many countries, the introduction of a heavier tax generates two sides of the debate. Private businesses have profit incentives, actively pushing for more alcohol and tobacco consumption, while it is in the public interest to minimise the damage from these same substances.

Regarding soft drinks, the imposition of the tax aims to regulate the consumption of sugar-based beverages in line with international practice, If approved, the proposal would see the tax imposed on carbonated and non-carbonated soft drinks, energy drinks, sports drinks, and bottled instant coffee and tea. The MoF wants to widen the list of items subject to the excise tax to guide consumer trends, given their harmful effects.

This is not the first time the MoF has sought to impose a special consumption tax on soft drinks. In 2014, the idea was mooted with a specific tax rate of 10 per cent, but many ministries and branches resisted. The Ministry of Planning and Investment and the Ministry of Justice assessed that the tax argument was not really convincing at that time, while the Ministry of Industry and Trade worried about negative impacts on business prospects.

Vietnam Investment Review